Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted drugs composed of a payload linked to an mAbs (antibody) that is designed to specifically release their payload at a tumor site.
The History of ADC Drugs Development began with the first ADC clinical trial in 1983. As of October, the FDA has approved 15 different ADCs as seen in Table 1.
ADC Name
Structure
Maker
Disease
Payload
Payload Mechanism of Action
Target Antigen
mAb
Approval Year
Mirvetuximab soravtansine
ImmunoGen
Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Maytansinoid DM4
Folate receptor alpha
FRα
IgG1
2022
Tisotumab vedotin-tftv
Seagen Inc
Recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer
MMAE/auristatin
Microtubule inhibitor
Tissue factor
2021
Loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl
ADC Therapeutics
Large B-cell lymphoma
SG3199/PBD dimer
DNA cleavage
CD19
Belantamab mafodotin-blmf
GlaxoSmithKline
Adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
MMAF/auristatin
BCMA
2020; withdrawn Nov. 2022
Sacituzumab govitecan
Immunomedics
Adult patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received at least two prior therapies for patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic disease
SN-38/camptothecin
TOP1 inhibitor
TROP2
2020
Trastuzumab deruxtecan
AstraZeneca/Daiichi Sankyo
Adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 based regimens
DXd/camptothecin
HER2
2019
Enfortumab vedotin
Astellas/Seagen Genetics
Adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have received a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor, and a Pt-containing therapy
Nectin4
Polatuzumab vedotin-piiq
Genentech, Roche
Relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
CD79
Moxetumomab pasudotox
Astrazeneca
Adults with relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
PE38 (Pseudotox)
CD22
2018
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Pfizer & Wyeth
Relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Ozogamicin/calicheamicin
CD33
IgG4
2017
Inotuzumab ozogamicin
Relapsed or refractory CD22-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Trastuzumab emtansine
HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) following treatment with trastuzumab and a maytansinoid
DM1/maytansinoid
2013
Brentuximab vedotin
Seagen Genetics, Millennium & Takeda
Relapsed HL and relapsed sALCL
CD30
2011
Two of the latest ADCs to be approved, Tivdak and ELAHERETM were developed with linkers cleavable dipeptide val-cit and sulfo-SPDB linkers respectively.
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