Cationic lipids have a head group with permanent positive charges. For example, 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTMA), a quaternary ammonium lipid, has been applied for mRNA delivery in multiple cell types, and was commercialized as Lipofection in combination with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), a biodegradable analogue of DOTMA, Cationic lipids neutralize negative charges, facilitate encapsulation, and cell uptake in lipid nanoparticle (LNP).