Stigmasterol, a common unsaturated phytosterol found in plants, is a tetracyclic triterpene. It contains an extra double bond between C-22 and C-23, along with a C-24 ethyl group. These structural features influence the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Stigmasterol's prevalence in various natural sources, including vegetable fats and oils, makes it a significant component with potential applications in improving gene transfection processes.
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