Many ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) catalyze ADP-ribosylation by transferring a single or multiple ADP-ribose moieties from NAD to proteins and other substrates (DNA and RNA). The mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation and PARylation, respectively) of DNA, RNA and proteins dynamically and reversibly alter the functionality of these biomolecules and their roles in cellular communication and regulations, resulting in significant changes in physiological and pathological pathways including DNA damage repair and gene transcription. Biotin-NAD is a biotinylated substrate well-recognized by many ARTs to serve as an important tool for identification, isolation and purification of ADP-ribosylated proteins and nucleic acids. It also can be used in screening assays for PARP inhibitors in drug discovery. The biotin with 17-atom spacer is attached to the exocyclic amino group in position 6 of the adenine nucleobase.
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