N-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) is a small diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and affecting cellular metabolism in bacteria. In addition to regulating bacterial functions, C12-HSL activates NF-κB in RAW 264.7 macrophages, increasing the expression of TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-8, while other lactones do not.4 In addition, C12-HSL alters cell cycling and metabolism of human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells.
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