Acid-S-S-sulfo-Maleimide serves as a heterobifunctional compound containing a terminal maleimide to react with a thiol group to form a covalent bond and terminal carboxylic acid to react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators such as HATU. Disulfide bonds stabilize protein structure by linking cysteine residues, reducing flexibility of the unfolded state, and maintaining proper folding and integrity through strong covalent connections.
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